Showing posts with label News. Show all posts
Showing posts with label News. Show all posts

Wednesday, 12 March 2025

Trump is no longer influenced by stock markets



One top US tech chief executive told me on the day of the US presidential inauguration that although he is likely to face retaliatory tariffs, he thinks any trade war will cool down.


He said, "Trump goes by the reaction of the Dow Jones" - what the markets call the "Trump put".


That means that whenever the White House makes an announcement that hurts sentiment, the president backs down by seeing the stock market fall.


Those perceptions have now changed, after the president gave a TV interview in which he downplayed how much he is influenced by the markets.


And just a day after US stock markets fell sharply over concerns about the impact of Trump's policies, the president said he was going to double tariffs on steel and aluminum against Canada in response to higher fees for Canadian electricity worth about $100 per bill in New York, Minnesota and Michigan - although he later halted that plan after Ontario suspended those tariffs.


President Trump has said he is rebuilding wealth based on decades or even a century of time in the future, and that this cannot be measured in the quarterly results of America's stock market giants. With comments from his Treasury Secretary Scott Bessant, the White House was sending a message to markets that the president now has some tolerance for short-term market and economic pain. That has changed the calculus. There are two other factors at play here as well. There is evidence of a real potential reversal in US economic sentiment, raising questions about a recession. The most recent real-time analysis by the Atlanta branch of the US Federal Reserve predicts a contraction in the US economy in the first three months of the year. Government cuts may also contribute to such a reading, but private sector sentiment has also taken a hit, particularly from the hokey cokey on tariffs. Above all, uncertainty threatens to cripple. Policies change from day to day, and yet can be halted retrospectively. Key US government departments are not entirely clear about the direction of travel at the White House. To top it all, in the case of Canada, the likely election indicates little incentive to compromise.


Really, when Trump says he wants to use economic leverage to make his northern neighbour his "51st state", what compromise is there to be had?


The direction of travel here is for an increase in the intensity and scope of the trade war.


New trade barriers on the EU based on "reciprocity" could emerge in three weeks' time.


When other nations see signs of re-emerging inflation in the US, they will try to raise it further to convey to American consumers the consequences of their government's decisions.


Over the past fortnight the world has learned that President Trump is serious about tariffs, even on his own allies. They have been implemented en masse.


Key trading partners have responded in kind and have had incentive to move forward. And the White House now wants to show that it has a high pain threshold for short-term economic and market disruption.


All roads lead to April 2, and the announcement of "reciprocal tariffs," and for the moment these tensions are not leading to a truce, cease-fire or truce.

Double-kick penalty sees Atletico Madrid lose shootout



Real Madrid have Atletico's number in shootouts, having won against Atletico every time the derby has gone to penalties.


But defeat in the Champions League last 16 on Wednesday will be particularly disappointing for Diego Simeone's side.


Atletico midfielder Conor Gallagher's strike after 27 seconds had levelled the tie 2-2 on aggregate, but neither side could score a decisive goal in normal or extra time, forcing penalties to decide the result between the rivals for the sixth time in knockout games.


There, Real Madrid won 4-2 in dramatic and controversial fashion. Defender Antonio Rudiger scored the decisive penalty after scoring past Jan Oblak, but the hosts had Julian Alvarez's earlier effort denied in somewhat bizarre circumstances.


After successfully scoring the first three penalties, former Manchester City forward Alvarez created a chance to make the score 2-2. The Argentine international slipped while taking the shot, but still managed to beat Thibaut Courtois. Atletico fans were celebrating, but seconds before Fede Valverde scored Real's next penalty, Polish referee Szymon Marciniak signaled that Alvarez's spot-kick was ruled out due to interference from the Video Assistant Referee (VAR). A review of the incident showed that the forward touched the ball twice at once due to slipping while shooting. The scoreboard at the field showed 2-2 after Alvarez's attempt, which undoubtedly caused confusion in the stands, but at that point Real were actually leading 3-1. Although Atletico goalkeeper Oblak gave Atletico hope by saving Lucas Vazquez's spot-kick, Marcos Llorente hit the bar for the hosts and German Rudiger gave Real the win in a tense final.


What do the rules say?


Penalties are mentioned in Article 14.1 of the IFAB (International Football Association Board) code of play.


The rules say: "The kicker must not play the ball again until the ball has touched another player."


This is the same law that prevents people from scoring a rebound if their own penalty hits the post.


If the same happens from a penalty during regular play, the opposition will be awarded an indirect free-kick.


What was the reaction to this?


Atletico coach Simeone expressed doubts over the decision, but hoped the officials had made the right decision.


"The referee said that when Julian reached the penalty spot he touched the ball with his standing foot, but the ball didn't move," he said.


"I've never seen a penalty where they called VAR, but they must have seen that he touched the ball. I would like to believe that they saw that he touched the ball.


"Did you see him touch the ball twice? Please whoever was present in the stadium and saw him touch the ball twice, the ball moving, please come forward and raise your hand. I didn't see anyone raise their hand, so that's all I have to say... next question."


But Real Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti was satisfied the right decision had been made.


"They figured it out. "When we thought it was doubtful, they had already detected it on VAR," he said.


"I saw it, I think he touched it with his left foot, it was a second touch."


Real Madrid goalkeeper Courtois admitted it was unfortunate for Atletico but the rules meant it was correctly disallowed.


He told Uefa.com: "I thought something strange was going on so we told the referee straight away and then it was confirmed there was a double touch and it didn't count, so obviously it gives us the edge.


"[Alvarez] slipped and he touched the ball twice and it's a missed penalty. You can't touch the ball twice. It's unfortunate but that's the rule." Former Newcastle and Republic of Ireland goalkeeper Shay Given said on BBC Match of the Day: "Sometimes you see it happen where the ball is kicked with the other foot and then goes in a completely different direction.


"Here the ball doesn't actually change direction but [Alvarez] kicks the ball with his [right] foot. The rules of the game are clear."


Has it happened before?

Yes - twice in the Premier League.


In 2017, Leicester's Riyad Mahrez joined them after he had a penalty disallowed for a similar offence during a 2-1 loss to Manchester City.


The Algerian winger slipped while taking the penalty and the ball struck his standing foot before going into the net.


"The shot was strange but the rule is clear. Two touches, just like in golf," said City manager Pep Guardiola at the time. "It's not normal." And in January 2023, Fulham striker Aleksandar Mitrovic did the same, accidentally hitting the ball onto his standing foot as he slipped while hitting it. The Cottagers lost the game 1-0 to his former club Newcastle. But later that year, a penalty was awarded in similar circumstances in the Scottish Premiership.

Wednesday, 29 January 2025

US tech stocks hold steady after DeepSeek AI App shock



US tech stocks remained steady on Tuesday, after they plummeted on Monday due to the sudden rise in popularity of DeepSeek (a Chinese AI app).


Experts say that the AI sell-off was likely an overreaction.


Investors quickly adjusted their bets after DeepSeek claimed that its model could be made for a fraction the cost of its competitors.



Analysts said that the new development raises questions about America's AI dominance in the future and the size of the investments US firms plan to make.


US President Donald Trump called the event "a wake-up" call for the US technology industry. He also suggested that it could prove to be "a positive" in the end for the US.


"If you can do it for less, you will get the same result." "I think that's good for us", he told journalists on Air Force One.


He added that he wasn't concerned about the breakthrough and said the US would remain the dominant player in this field.


The optimism about AI investments is largely responsible for the stock market boom that has occurred in the US over the past two years. This has led to fears of a bubble.


DeepSeek is the most popular free app in America just one week after its launch.


The US warned of a race to the top in the tech sector with China and took steps to limit the sale of advanced chip technology, which powers AI, to China.


Chinese AI developers, unable to import advanced chips in sufficient quantities, have been sharing their work and experimenting with new technologies.


AI models now require much less computing power.


They also cost much less than was previously believed possible, and this could be the catalyst for a revolution in the industry.


Nvidia, the company that makes the advanced chips that dominate AI investments and whose share price has risen in the past two years because of growing demand, was the worst hit on Monday.


The market value of the company dropped by almost $600bn on Monday (PS482bn), or 17%.


Janet Mui is the head of RBC Brewin Dolphin's market analysis. She said that investors will sell something new if it appears to be revolutionary, because they are uncertain.


But Ms Mui predicted that many companies like Apple would benefit from a reduction in the price of AI models.


This could be a boon to other tech giants who have been criticized for spending a lot on AI.


After the market shock in the US on Sunday, the main indexes remained steady.


The Dow Jones Industrial Average in New York closed 0.3% higher. The S&P 500 gained almost 1%, and the Nasdaq, which is heavily tech-focused, rose by 2%.


The FTSE 100, the UK's largest publicly listed companies, was also unchanged on Tuesday. It closed 0.35% higher.


Shares of Japanese AI firms, including Advantest Softbank, and Tokyo Electron, fell dramatically earlier, pushing the Nikkei benchmark down by 1.4%.


Other markets in Asia are closed during the Lunar New Year. The financial markets in Mainland China will close on Tuesday and reopen 5 February.


Who is the founder of DeepSeek?

Liang Wenfeng founded the company in Hangzhou in 2023, a city located in southeast China.


DeepSeek was founded by the 40-year old, who is a graduate of information and electronics engineering.


Recently, he was seen at a gathering between Chinese Premier Li Qiang and industry experts.


In an interview conducted by The China Academy in July 2024, Mr Liang expressed his surprise at the response to the earlier version of his AI-model.


He said, "We did not expect pricing to become such a sensitive topic."


"We simply followed our own pace. We calculated costs and set prices accordingly."

Real Madrid's resurgence was sparked by Mbappe & Bellingham



Real Madrid is back! The rest of Europe has been warned.


The rock legends are back, not the discordant, enthusiastic high school band that they were for much of the season.


Carlo Ancelotti’s men will face Brest in the final of the Champions League League-phase on Wednesday. They have already secured a spot in the playoffs and a chance to sneak into the top 8.


Real has won four of their last five matches and scored 17 goals. They are currently leading La Liga by 4 points after being beaten 5-2 by Barcelona at the Spanish Super Cup.


Ancelotti received a lot of criticism for his team's inconsistent performance and the way they reacted to their new signing, Kylian Mbappe.


Real Madrid was in turmoil. "Ancelotti will leave the club this summer", "Mbappe is unable to settle", "Vinicius Junior is unsatisfied" were some of the questions asked.


The demise of European giants is exaggerated.


Ancelotti is not overly concerned by opinions from outside the club. However, he felt this time that there were some elements coming from within.


"Ancelotti decides when he will leave"

Ancelotti quickly denied the report that a Spanish radio station had reported Ancelotti told the club that this would be his final season.


Ancelotti, however, will decide on his departure from the club despite having a year and a quarter left in the contract. He has earned it after four years, 11 trophies and two Champions League victories.


This explains also his slight arrogance when he told the media, that after saying they were not good at all, the current league performance suggests the critics were incorrect.


It is clear that no one is better placed to determine when it is time to leave - that is, when he feels he cannot find the solutions necessary to continue to bring trophies to the club.


Florentino Perez will then be able to bring in a new player, most likely Xabi Alono. He always believed that Real or Liverpool were his next step if Bayer Leverkusen went well.


But not yet.


Ancelotti always thought Real would win titles in this season, particularly if they could overcome the laziness which can often follow a Champions League or La Liga-winning campaign.


They haven't been able to beat any of the best teams this season. This includes defeats in the Champions League by AC Milan and Liverpool, and being beaten by nine in both their encounters with Barcelona.


Ancelotti is unwavering, however, in his conviction.


Real would not hesitate to sell Vinicius

The injuries, especially in the defence of Eder Miitao and Dani Carvajal did not help the situation at all.


Ancelotti’s biggest problems were the lack of a central midfield that could control the game and the unwillingness to track back of any of his stellar front three. Jude Bellingham didn't know how to cover as much ground.


Real Madrid's success has been boosted by the renewed energy of Dani Ceballos, but their attacking displays have made a real difference.


What can I say about Vinicius Jr? He seems to be the center of attention for everyone, whether he is playing or not.


Saudi Arabia has made a massive offer to the Brazil attacker, who has been injured or suspended for a while.


Real Madrid's decision makers, who set the agenda, have allowed the story to "gain legs" thanks to Madrid's compliant media. They will continue to focus on the story as long as the club wants them to.


The money generated by the sale would be used to pay off the stadium's debt and provide a variety of financial benefits.


Real wouldn't be afraid to sell the player but the timing must be right.


Many have criticized Vinicius for his confrontational response to taunts by opposition supporters.


In the latest incident he made a hand motion suggesting that the La Liga struggling team was going to be relegated by responding to chants "tonto".


No player that I've seen has ever received such abuse, including a number of racist examples from fans.


Vinicius will not bow his head or close his mouth.


He feels that the abuse he gets is both unjust and fundamentally racist, which he will not tolerate.


Real's improved performance is also due to the growing understanding between Vinicius and Mbappe.


Mbappe's role as Real Madrid's main goal-scorer and leader is clearer every day.


Mbappe has always been too smart, talented, and precocious for him to falter or crumble under pressure at Real Madrid.


He initially saw his role as a nine as more static than it is now. He was also conscious not to be seen as invading Vinicius's space, both on and off the field. In fact, he even accepted that penalties would rotate.


He is now a familiar face on any pitch. The team adjusts to his presence accordingly. He also accepts that he is lethal as a nine, and not just with his back turned to the goal. Instead, he runs in behind him and finishes clinically.


Since missing a spot-kick against Athletic Club, on 4 December, he's scored 12 goals in just as many games, including his debut hattrick.


He has now been appointed as the official club penalty taker. Even Vinicius acknowledged that the team would do everything possible to ensure Mbappe is the top scorer both in La Liga and Champions League.


Bellingham becomes a 'leader' of Real Madrid

Rodrygo from Brazil is also in good form, scoring eight goals in the last nine matches after going two and half months without scoring.


A new confidence has replaced the self-doubts, and feelings of not being valued or appreciated by his club.


Ancelotti confirmed that he considers him a key match player, and a guaranteed starter.


Bellingham is another example, where the stock price continues to increase.


The England player is the oil that currently lubricates the Real machine, despite playing with minor injuries.


He is clearly having fun, whether he's driving forward or creating on the edge of his box with his back towards the goal.


Bellingham, who is everyone's favorite teammate, has already established himself, along with Mbappe as one of two leaders at Real Madrid.

Sunday, 26 January 2025

Australian Open: Madison Keys, a teenager who has grown up to be a Grand Slam champion at 29



 Madison Keys won her first Grand Slam, ending Aryna Sablalenka's hopes for a third consecutive Australian Open title.


Madison Keys came to Australia with a modest goal: she wanted to see how well she would perform as her 30th birthday is approaching next month.


After beating two-time champion Aryna Sablalenka in three set at Saturday's Australian Open Final, the resilient American has found her answer.


Keys won her first major after reaching a Grand Slam final for the second time eight years ago in New York. Then, she lost to Sloane Stephens.


The 6-3 and 6-0 defeat has been a source of pain ever since. But it was also an opportunity to learn.


She said, "I was so focused on being nervous during that match and I didn't give myself the chance to play."


"I think that the biggest thing for me was just knowing that I would be uncomfortable at many moments in the match.


It's going be stressful. "You have thousands of people looking at you."


Keys, who is now ranked 14th, will return to the Top 10 next week for the first since 2019.


In 2015, she was a 19-year old prodigy who made her first semi-final at Melbourne Park to show off her potential.


Ten years later, she beat world number two Iga Swaatek this time in the final four to set up a matchup with world number 1 Sabalenka.


The Belarusian was attempting to be the first woman since Martina Hingis in 1997-1999 to win three Melbourne titles in a single season.


Keys, the underdog and 19th seed, made a mockery of it all to win the title in a thrilling final with 6-3, 2-6. 7-5.


Keys finished her season in early October of last year, and she married her coach Bjorn fratangelo a month after.


Fratangelo was her coach from 2023. The two had been dating each other since 2017.


Fratangelo said to reporters the night before the final that Keys was still at his best.


"I don't think she is anywhere near her full potential," Fratangelo said, a fellow American and winner of the boys' singles title at the 2011 French Open.


You can only go so far with a sharpened axe. Sometimes you need to buy new tools. "I think that's exactly what I have tried to do."


Sabalenka's and Keys' power games can be overwhelming.


Swiatek praised Keys for his "bravery" after losing the semi-finals.


Fratangelo referred to Sabalenka as "a polished version of Madison" on the night before the final.


Keys was quoted as saying, "But I've seen what she does now and that is what greats do."


They have the ability and will to perform at a high level when the situation demands it.


Keys' early 30th-birthday present was a 10th and largest title in her career.


Keys won the Melbourne finals by beating Danielle Collins, Elena Rybakina and other former finalists.


In the semi-finals, she came back from a two-set deficit and saved a game point against Swiatek, world number two.

Saturday, 4 January 2025

Why Modi government 3.0 keeps a distance from farmers protesting?



 "Abhi Supreme Court dekh rahi hai. Supreme Court ke jo nirdesh honge unaka paalan kiya jaega. The Supreme Court is currently looking into the issue. The Supreme Court's directives will be followed." Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan said to reporters earlier this week, when asked if he would invite protesting farmers who have been sitting in at Shambhu, and Khanauri, on the Punjab-Haryana border, since February last.


Chouhan's cautious response to questions about the ongoing farmers' protests led by the Samyukta Kisan Morcha and the Kisan Mazdoor Morcha indicates that the has changed its approach to dealing with farm stirrings. In contrast to its proactive engagement with agitating farm-unions during its previous term the NarendraModi NDA government 3.0 appears to be keeping a distance from the issue.


In the Modi 2.0 government, when farmers protested against the three central farm legislations (now repealed), a team of three union ministers consisting of then Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh tomar, Food Ministry Piyush goyal , and Minister of State of Commerce Somprakash held 11 rounds with their respective unions between October 14, 2020 and January 22, 2021. Even the Union Home Minister Amit shah rushed to the Pusa Complex in Delhi on one occasion to meet with farmer leaders at night. This was between October 14, 2020 and January 22, 2021.


Three Union Ministers -- Goyal, then Agriculture Minister Arjun Munda, and MoS for Interior Affairs Nityanand Ra flew to Chandigarh in early February of last year to hold two rounds with the agitating Farm Unions.


The Centre has not engaged with protesting farmers since then despite their standoff. They have demanded legal status for Minimum Support Price and MSP of crops, as well as a waiver of farm debt.


Chouhan, for his part, has invited farmers to a meeting each Tuesday and met with some farmer groups. He also met with state Agriculture Ministers including Punjab Minister Gurmeet Sing Khudian to discuss the state of agriculture. He has yet to meet with the farmers who are agitating.


The government appears to think that the move by then Agriculture Secretary Sanjay Aggarwal to invite 29 protesting farm-unions to Delhi for the first round meeting with them on Krishi Bhawan, October 14, 2020 has fueled their protests rather than resolved the row. The meeting was a disaster as the farmers' leaders demanded the presence of Agriculture minister Tomar. The farmers ripped up copies of the three Bills and shouted slogans in front of Krishi Bhawan. The farmers' march to Delhi began on November 26, 2021. The government and the farmer unions held 10 additional rounds of discussions until January 22, 2020. These meetings were ineffective as the farmers refused to budge, and they continued their blockade at Delhi's borders.


The Supreme Court issued an order on January 12, 2021 to halt the implementation of farm laws. It also created a four member committee that would deliberate the three farm legislations. Bhupinder Mann, national President of Bhartiya Kisan Union and All India Kisan Coordination Committee and a member of the committee, recused himself. The other three members - Dr Parmod Kumar Joshuai, Director of South Asia at the International Food Policy Research Institute; Ashok Gulati - former Chairman of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices - and Anil Ghanwat – president of Shetkari Sanghatana – deliberated and presented a report to


In an address to the country, Modi announced that three farm laws would be repealed on the occasion Guru Nanak Dev Jayanti, which will take place on 19 November 2021.


Since February 13, 2024, the SKM (nonpolitical) & KMM are camping at Shambhu & Khanauri border after Haryana Police halted their "Dilli chalo" march and blocked their entry to the state on their way to the National Capital.


The Centre could have changed its approach to the farm agitation due to a variety of factors. The current farm agitation is confined to the Punjab-Haryana boundary, and its geographic spread is not as large as the movement for 2020-21. The SKM, an umbrella organization of farm unions in Punjab and other states, has not joined the current protest despite its support. Thirdly, the current demonstration has multiple demands, including those that were made earlier. The 2020-21 movement, however, was directed at the three farm laws of the Centre.


Farmers have also remained steadfast. The farmers had not nominated any members to the committee that was announced by the PM to investigate various farm issues on November 19, 2021. On July 18, 2022 the Centre created a panel headed by former Agriculture Secretary Sanjay Agrawal to examine several topics, including making the MSP "effective and transparent".


Jagjit Singh Dalewal, the president of BKU Sidhupur in July 2022, split from the SKM to form the SKM(non-political). Dallewal is on a death-by-fast at Khanauri, since November 26, to insist that the Centre accepts the farmers' demands. The apex Court expressed concern about Dallewal’s health after hearing various petitions. Dallewal entered his 40th day of hunger strike on Saturday.

H-1B visa under fire: Senator Sanders blasts Elon Musk and says tech giants abuse H-1B to replace US jobs



Senator Bernie Sanders, chairman of the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, expressed strong opposition to H-1B visas, and pushed back against the claims made by billionaire technology leaders, such as Tesla CEO Elon Musk.


Sanders criticized recent comments by Tesla's CEO Elon Musk as well as entrepreneur Vivek RAMaswamy who are both close allies to President-elect Donald Trump. Sanders also pushed back on claims made by other tech billionaires. Sanders said in a January 2 statement that "there has been much discussion about the H-1B Guest Worker Program. Elon Musk, along with other billionaire owners of tech companies, have claimed that the federal program is essential to our economy due to the shortage of highly-skilled American engineers and tech workers. "I disagree."


Sanders said that while proponents of the program claim it addresses a lack of highly-skilled American workers, it is a tool used to replace high-paying jobs in America with low-wage foreign workers. Sanders stated that "the main function of H-1B Visa program" is not to hire the "best and brightest," but to replace well-paying American positions with low-wage foreign indentured workers.


The hiring of guest workers and corporate layoffs are under scrutiny

Sanders cited data that showed major corporations using the H-1B Program laidoff at least 85,000 American employees in 2022 and 20, while hiring more than 34,000 H-1B Workers. He noted that Tesla laid off 7,500 employees, including software developers and engineers, but had been approved to hire thousands of H-1Bs. Sanders asked: "If there is a true shortage of skilled workers why are these layoffs happening?"




Questions raised about the jobs filled by H-1B workers

Senators also expressed concern about the roles that H-1B workers fill. Sanders cited associate accountants who earn $58,000 a year and material planners who make $80,000 a year as examples. Sanders said, "These jobs don't seem like they are highly specialized for the top 0.1%," in response to claims made by leaders of tech companies like Elon Musk.


Widespread misuse of H-1B Program highlighted

Sanders questioned whether these jobs really required foreign talent. He pointed out that the program was being used to fill such roles as dog trainers and massage therapists. He asked, "Can we not find English teachers here in America?"


Proposed reforms for American workers

Sanders demanded significant reforms of the H-1B Program, including increasing the minimum wage, ensuring that guest workers can easily switch jobs, and requiring companies to give priority to hiring American workers. Sanders also suggested increasing the guest worker fee to fund scholarships and training for American workers. Sanders stressed that it should never be cheaper to hire an overseas guest worker than an American employee.


The debate on economic inequality is at its core

The senator linked misuse of the H-1B to wider issues of economic inequity. Sanders said, "At a moment when the wealthiest three Americans own more than the bottom half, we need a system that works for everyone, not just a few."


Call for long-term solutions

Sanders called for a stronger education system in the United States to create a workforce that is well-educated and capable of meeting America's demands, such as technology, healthcare, or skilled trades. "The solution is not to import cheap labor from overseas. He concluded that the best way to solve this problem is by hiring qualified American workers.


This statement is a further intensification of the debate on the H-1B Program, and puts pressure on legislators and corporations to address concerns over labor practices and fair economic practices.


The H-1B Visa debate is heating up before Trump's inauguration

The debate about the H-1B program for highly-skilled foreign professionals is intensifying as Donald Trump prepares to be sworn in on January 20th, creating rifts between the Democratic and Republican parties. The H-1B visa program, which awards 65,000 visas per year, plus an additional 20,000 to those with advanced US degrees, is at the center of debates on immigration and job safety.


Trump supports H-1B visas

In an interview with The New York Post, President-elect Trump expressed his support for the program. He stated, "I have always liked visas." I've always supported visas. It's the reason we have them." His comments align with his vision to foster innovation and attract global talent to the US.


Key advisors support program

The H-1B program is also supported by two of Trump's closest allies: Tesla CEO Elon Musk, and entrepreneur Vivek Raaswamy. Both have been chosen to lead the Department of Government Efficiency. Both have stressed its importance for filling critical gaps within specialized industries. Ramaswamy and Musk argued that the U.S. is lacking in many specialized fields, underlining the importance of the program in maintaining the competitive edge.


Trump's base reacts to the backlash

Trump has endorsed the H-1B program, but some of his supporters have been very critical. They claim that H-1B visas allow companies to hire foreign workers at lower wages, which is unfair for American workers. Critics say the program is a corporate profit-driven scheme that prioritizes foreign talent over local employment.


Wednesday, 25 December 2024

Maharashtra's lower court a brief look at the challenges that this digital push faces.



 In September 2023, Maharashtra's lower court will require electronic filing to improve convenience and speed during court proceedings.

The Indian judiciary, in its quest for modernisation has adopted digital transformation through the introduction of e-filing. This initiative is a major shift that aims to improve accessibility and reduce the backlog of cases in Indian courts. This digital revolution, however, has faced several challenges which have hindered its full success.


In September 2023, electronic filing became mandatory for Maharashtra lower courts in order to improve convenience, speed, and responsiveness during court proceedings. The system is still heavily reliant on physical files due to several glitches.


The e-filing has increased efficiency, reducing paperwork while allowing remote submissions. However, the transition was not seamless. We as lawyers face various issues during e-filing like technical glitches, server outage, difficulty in payment of court fee challans, delays in verification/checking at court etc.," says advocate Jitendra Sawant, a criminal defence lawyer practising in Pune.


"Most importantly the entire e-filing system cannot run without internet. This is a major problem for courts and their premises. Extreme network and internet problems make it difficult to submit certain applications while hearings are in progress. There is also limited technical support and the majority of court staff are not trained to resolve the problems that lawyers face on a regular basis," says Sawant.


As of August 2024, Phase 3 of the E-Courts Mission Mode Project was implemented, and 49,58.821 cases were filed electronically. There are also 1,365 eSewa kendras located in district courts, which will ensure that this technology-based access to justice is improved. E-Sewa Kendras are designed to help bridge the digital gap by giving citizens access to judicial service, particularly those without convenient access to technology.


"E-filing is a game changer for rural areas and businesses with limited resources. It has broken down the barriers that made justice appear distant. Imagine a Maharashtra farmer who is involved in a land dispute. This farmer, with the help of eSewa kendras and eFiling, can now file his case online and track hearing dates by text message. He may also be able attend virtual hearings if necessary. It saves both time and money, and gives them direct access to the justice system that they previously thought was out of their reach.


It has been argued that the push for digitalisation of the filing system is more important than questions about ethics, digital literacy and having a system which can resist cyber attacks without falling victim to malware. Academic research and a collaborative approach can help in the digital transformation. This process involves analysing data protection, evaluating digital literacy among stakeholders, identifying deficiencies in infrastructure, scrutinising algorithmic biased in AI-driven tools, and addressing cybersecurity risks," said Dr Shaista Pehrzada, an associate professor at Ajeenkya DY Patil University in Pune.


By prioritising this area, a collaborative strategy like this can help prevent damage to court systems and, in return, create a more equitable and productive digital justice frame to reduce the gap that exists between theoretical ideals (like Wikipedia's open access style) and practical reality (like Delima’s structured legal database)." Adds Dr Peerzada.


In India, several law schools have started to incorporate e-filing into their curriculum. This initiative is designed to make sure that future lawyers have the skills necessary to use these systems, as they continue evolving and becoming more efficient.


We have included modules on e-filing, as well as other practical procedures in our academic curriculum. Sakshi Kirad is a law student from ILS Law College, Pune. She says that internships incorporating such systems have been given a lot of attention in our field.

Baby John movie review - bloated and incoherent Varun Dhawan's film is among the worst 2024.



 Baby John Movie Review and Rating: The problem with this Atlee-produced film, a remake Vijay’s 2016 hit Theri with which Varun gets his big fat South Masala film, is that not much sticks.

Baby John Review & Rating In the late stages of the film, Rajpal Yadav, who plays the sidekick, delivers the best line in Baby John. Comedy is serious business.


The only time I heard laughter was in the preview. This is the type of punchline masala movies use in order to get the audience laughing. It says a lot about Baby John, a punishingly long 164-minute film, that the comic gets more taalis for his dialogue than the hero’s 'taqia Kalaam': 'par toh pehli aaya'.


You feel like telling the lead actor Varun dhawan that he shouldn't have bothered to watch this film. He is not suited for it. His delivery is only suitable for low-fi comedy. Baby John is the clear winner of the worst movie of 2024. This was a year in which Bollywood's big stars tanked.


Making masala films is a serious business, as you can see from the fact that , Pushpa 2,, still has the audience hooked. The second one is longer but the hero has a natural feel to him, the set pieces have a rhythm, and Sukumar and Allu Arjun throw everything at us and some of it sticks.


The problem with Baby John, the remake of Vijay’s 2016 hit Theri with which Varun gets his big fat South Masala film, is that not much sticks. The novelty factor is what makes a good masala different from a bad one. Baby John looks like it was thrown together: why is there so much fascination with containers and ships, and heroes hanging upside-down? Baby John is the next Pushpa.


Khushi's (Zyanna) relationship with Baby John (Vaun) is reminiscent of Shah Rukh Khan, who starred in Jawan as a father and daughter duo. When these two become involved with an evil flesh-trading group, led by Babbar Sher's (Jackie Shroff), the calm pace of Alappuzha is disturbed. It's true, that is his name. It's obvious that there's a story behind the regular joe Baby John, who wore a lungi, and had a mother (Sheeba Chhadha, Bollywood’s new favorite mommy) as well as a sweetheart in Keerthy Suresh.


All those plot points, however, are just an excuse for Baby John, aka DCP Satya Varma, to start a savage war against the villains using anything and everything that can be turned into a weapon. The director, who worked with Atlee on the film, throws as many fight scenes as he can in as many places as he finds. The ugliness is displayed in many ways: human bodies are burned, trampled on, body parts are scattered, blood spurts. Who cares if the audience becomes desensitised to it?


You can watch Jackie Shroff in his first villainous role in Southern cinema, the 2010 Aranya Kaandam. He slits throats and shakes his straggly hair, all while wearing a thick layer of haldi (don't ask us why) on his face. A little girl who is aware that he has done something horrible calls him "daadu". Yes, that's right. How did she know? We're not even asking. No, this film does not protect children.


Keerthy Suresh has a vital presence but zero connection with Dhawan; Gabbi, who plays a teacher-with-a-secret, gets just enough screen time to justify her presence. Sanya Malhotra appears and disappears in a blink and miss part.


Varun Dhawan channels his inner Salman khan to the fullest (shirts and vests are removed here and there) and shares a climactic scene with the latter in a very 'Pathan style'. You instantly know two things. There will be more where this came from. Groan.


This is how the year has ended. What will Bollywood bring us in 2025? I won't be holding my breath.

GST applicable only on used car sales with positive margin; no tax applies on individual-to-individual sales margin



Government sources indicate that only "registered" people -- typically businesses involved with buying and selling used cars -- will be held liable for Goods and Services Tax on sales of old and used cars that generate profits, though only if their profits surpass $200.


GST applies when there is a positive margin or when the sale price exceeds acquisition costs. For vehicles claimed under depreciation, depreciation-adjusted value will be considered cost. Sources say in all other instances, price paid by seller for vehicle is taken as acquisition cost.


Individuals selling used vehicles directly to other individuals do not incur GST when selling it.


Updated on: December 24, 2024 22:56 (IST).


There was some ambiguity on whether GST would apply in cases where margin on used vehicle sales was negative and whether individual-to-individual used car transactions would also incur tax. (Express File Image).


GST only applies if there is a positive margin or when the sale price exceeds acquisition cost. For vehicles claimed for depreciation, depreciation-adjusted value will be used as the acquisition cost; sources indicate that in all other cases the selling price for the vehicle represents its true acquisition cost.


Individuals selling used vehicles to another individual do not owe GST.


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Last week, the GST Council met and decided that all used vehicles (including electric) sold are to be subject to one 18% tax rate. Prior to this decision, only petrol/diesel/LPG vehicles sold with 18% GST rates while all other types were charged only 12% - however this decision by GST Council sought to align GST rates across all forms of used vehicle sales including electric ones.


Previously, this decision had caused confusion within certain sectors regarding whether GST would apply in instances of negative margin used car sales and whether individual-to-individual car transactions would also incur taxes.


GST is due only if a registered person claims depreciation under the Income Tax Act...the GST payable only represents margins. Margin refers to the difference between consideration received for providing goods and their depreciated values on the date they were supplied - according to one source, if this margin is negative no GST will be payable.


GST is only due on the value that represents a seller's margin - that is, the difference between selling price and purchasing price - according to one source. When this margin is negative no GST will be applicable.


Government sources explained that in certain GST scenarios, no GST would apply. If for example an individual selling their used car for Rs 10 lakh when its original cost was Rs 20 lakh but depreciation claims totalled 8 lakh, no GST would be applicable as its value after deducting depreciation would fall to Rs 12 lakh, leading to a margin of negative Rs 2 lakh and thus exempting them from GST liability.


Rather, 18% GST would apply on any difference of Rs 3 lakh even though its original selling cost of Rs 20 lakh had decreased during its depreciated lifecycle.


Source: As an illustration of GST liability, consider an old vehicle sold at Rs 10 lakh to someone who paid Rs 12 lakh; no GST will be due as the margin is negative in this instance. In contrast, if its purchase price was Rs 20 lakh but its selling price was 22 lakh then GST must be payable on its margin, which amounts to Rs 2 lakh in this instance.

Delhi CM Atishi: Strict action against officers who disown government schemes



Atishi, the Delhi Chief Minister, said that on Wednesday strict administrative actions will be taken against the two officers who issued public notices disowning the registration process initiated by her and the former chief minister Arvind Kejriwal in two schemes announced by Aam Aadmi Party. The officers are the joint director of Department of Woman and Child Development and special secretary of Health and Family Welfare Department.


In a public notice published on Wednesday, the officers called both the Mukhyamantri Mahila Samman Yojana (which aims to give Rs 2100 to women who do not pay taxes) and the Sanjeevani Yojana (which provides free treatment in government hospitals as well as in private ones to people over 60 years old), "fraudulent".


Atishi, speaking at a press event held by the AAP, said that "the notices published today in newspapers were completely false." BJP put pressure on the officers, and they issued a false notice to the public because they were shocked by their response. These officers will face strict administrative action."


Updated: December 25, 2024 14:47 IST


clock_logo5 Min Read





Delhi Chief Minister Atishi. (File)

Atishi, the Delhi Chief Minister, said that on Wednesday strict administrative actions will be taken against the two officers who released public notices disowning the registration process initiated by her and the former chief minister Arvind Kejriwal in two schemes announced by Aam Aadmi Party. The officers are the joint director of Department of Woman and Child Development and special secretary of Health and Family Welfare Department.


In a public notice published on Wednesday, the officers called both the Mukhyamantri Mahila Samman Yojana (which aims to give Rs 2100 to women who do not pay taxes) and the Sanjeevani Yojana (which provides free treatment in government hospitals as well as in private ones to people over 60 years old), "fraudulent".


Atishi, speaking at a press event held by the AAP, said that "the notices published today in newspapers were completely false." BJP put pressure on the officers, and they issued a false notice to the public because they were shocked by their response. These officers will face strict administrative action."


Atishi pointed to a copy the Cabinet's approval of Mahila Saman Yojana and said: "This is the cabinet notification after it approved the Rs 1,000 allowance for women under Mahila Sanman Yojana...The notification clearly states Rs 1,000. The Delhi Police will investigate these officers and take strict action against them for publishing such a false public notice.


AAP leader Arvind Kejriwal was also present at the press conference and said that the BJP has a fear of the public due to their positive response to AAP schemes and door-to-door campaigning. He said that the BJP does not have a chief-ministerial candidate or an agenda to share with the public in advance of the upcoming election.


"We know the BJP's plot to obstruct work in Delhi by using the Lieutenant Governor, bureaucrats and other schemes. We did not let them impede our work. They devised a scheme and arrested us all. The BJP can't show off their time in Delhi. Seven MPs have served the BJP in the last ten years but they have not shown any achievements. He said they lack a candidate for chief minister and a clearly defined agenda.


"The AAP runs a positive campaign." We are sharing our accomplishments from the past ten years, and we ask for votes on the basis of our work. Our opponents, on the other hand, resort to insults. We announced recently a new program that provides an allowance of Rs 2100. This follows the cabinet's approval of a Rs 1000 allowance. If we come back to power, I said we would increase the amount to Rs. 2,100. We also introduced the Sanjeevani Yojana and people are eagerly filling out forms. The people seem to be happy about it and want us back to power. "This is why the BJP feels threatened," he said.


He claimed that investigation agencies, such as the Central Bureau of Investigations (CBI) or the Enforcement Directorate, would conduct raids on all senior AAP officials, including CM Atishi to distract them away from the election campaign.


"We have learned from our reliable sources that ED, CBI and other agencies met and plan to falsely accuse Atishi of a crime involving the Transport Department. He said that the BJP was conspiring to undermine the scheme of free commuting for women.


Kejriwal alleged also that former BJP Mp Parvesh Singh was distributing money to people before the elections.


Atishi said that the BJP could create any false case, but that the people of Delhi were observing and would respond during the upcoming election.


Public notices about Delhi Govt Schemes

Two departments of the Delhi Government published public notices both in Hindi and English newspapers. The situation highlighted once again the fragile relationship between Delhi's bureaucracy, and its elected government. The services department is now under the Lieutenant Governor's control after an amendment was made to the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act.


A joint director of the Department of Women and Child Development published a public notice in newspapers about the Rs 2,100 promised under Mahila Samman Yojana. The notice stated, ""..., a political party claims to be able to pay Rs 2,100 a month to eligible individuals under the Mukhyamantri Mahila Samman Yojna... No such scheme has yet been notified in Delhi... When such a scheme becomes official, the Department of Women and Child Development launches a


The statement added: "The public is hereby warned and asked not to believe such promises about a nonexistent scheme as they are misleading and lacking any authority ...,".


The second notice by the Special Secretary of the Health and Family Welfare Department also called the promises false, and added that people had started to visit government hospitals and offices in order to ask about the scheme.

Monday, 23 December 2024

What is Sriram Krishnan? Donald Trump recently named Sriram Krishnan, an Indian-American investor and venture capitalist, to serve as his senior AI policy advisor.

 



Mr. Trump announced that Sriram would become Senior Policy Advisor for Artificial Intelligence within the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.


Mr. Krishnan will work in close conjunction with David Sacks, former PayPal COO who Trump appointed to oversee White House policy related to AI and Crypto.


Sriram will collaborate closely with David Sacks to ensure America maintains its leadership in artificial intelligence (AI). He'll assist with shaping and coordinating AI policies across government as well as working closely with President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.


Mr. Krishnan may not be new to Silicon Valley, but his presence has grown increasingly notable since Elon Musk asked this Indian-American engineer - temporarily run Twitter until its full acquisition by another billionaire - in 2022.


Mr. Krishnan hails from Chennai in India. Throughout his career he has established himself as an influential strategist and builder in Silicon Valley. Involved with tech titans such as Facebook (now Meta), Twitter and Snap, Mr. Krishnan played a critical role in developing Facebook Audience Network - Google AdWords competitor; leading product initiatives aimed at increasing user engagement when first working at Twitter; instrumental in creating Facebook Audience Network that rivals it; responsible for product initiatives designed to increase user engagement when first joining Twitter;


As a general partner at Andreessen Horowitz - one of Silicon Valley's premier venture firms - Mr. Krishnan brought operational experience from prior roles before leading efforts at Andreessen Horowitz's London office to advance new technologies like AI and cryptocurrency that are shaping tech's future. Mr. Krishnan led efforts at expanding internationally through opening an a16z office outside the US for expansion purposes.


Krishnan's Views on AI

Mr. Krishnan's appointment as senior AI advisor is of critical significance given its growing impact on geopolitics and global competitiveness as well as economic development. At A16z, his work closely aligns with emerging trends such as advancements in generative AI technology as well as personalized assistant AI services.


Mr. Krishnan frequently spoke as a venture investor on AI's power to transform industries, noting its potential impact in his speeches: quoting him when discussing AI as part of their core capability rather than just as an add-on tool "companies that embrace AI as an essential means will define the next decade".


As the US strives to become a global leader in AI, Krishnan's knowledge will be essential. Together with AI and Crypto expert David Sacks, he will serve as an advisor on AI policy issues within the Trump administration. Together they'll work on ways to strike an optimal balance between innovation and regulation - an ongoing challenge facing United States AI businesses.


What Are Critics Saying about Trump's AI Policy? Experts and commentators from the tech community have responded differently to Krishnan's appointment as Senior AI Advisor for AI Policy by President Trump, with some people being worried by its approach towards deregulation of AI technology.


Some have identified potential conflicts of interests in the involvement of tech industry leaders like Mr. Krishnan and Sacks in AI policy decisions. Some observers worry that Mr. Krishnan with his background at Microsoft, Twitter and Meta could become a candidate for positions which prioritize large tech firms over public interests.


The Financial Times notes that people such as David Sacks who were appointed AI and Crypto Czar have histories "often drawing criticism." This suggests that Krishnan may also come under close scrutiny.


Concerns also exist regarding the impact of AI policies implemented by government on safety and ethics standards. Both major political parties support AI development; however, implementation remains key. Critics claim rapid AI development may result in unintended side-effects such as bias or ethical dilemmas without adequate safeguards being put in place to mitigate them.


Summary: Although Sriram Krishnan brings extensive industry experience to his administration role, critics remain concerned over possible deregulation, bias against industry players and inadequacy of safety measures within an industry as rapidly transforming as artificial intelligence.

What will be the key challenges and triggers for the Indian stock markets in 2025?





Due to its strong macroeconomic foundations, the Indian stock market is poised for healthy growth on a medium-to-long term. Experts believe that the sustainability of growth, the revival of corporate earnings and government policies, as well as global factors such a geopolitical struggle, US Fed interest rates trajectory, and Donald Trump’s tariff policies, will determine the market trends for 2025.


Indian Stock Market Benchmark Nifty Fifty is expected to end 2024 with modest gains. This index has risen by 9 percent so far this year. The index gained 20 percent last year.


The Indian market could see modest gains in the year ahead, unless corporate earnings and the economy show a significant rebound.


The market will be triggered by "sustained economic growth and strong corporate earnings. Measures announced in the budget for next year and the direction of taxation." Geopolitical stability and interest rate decisions made by the major central banks will play a crucial role. Trilok Agarwal said that Donald Trump's tariffs and taxes will alter the dynamics of supply chains.


The risk of a global economic recession and inflationary forces could also affect the market's sentiment. A dynamic relationship between China and the US may also cause volatility. "Individual factors such as regulatory uncertainty and currency fluctuations due to the US dollar's exchange rate against emerging market currencies could affect the direction of foreign investments in India," stated Agarwal.


The Indian stock market 2025: Key challenges

The Indian stock exchange faces a number of challenges, including a slowdown in the global economy and inflated valuations.


Even though earnings for corporations have been declining in recent quarters, there are still pockets of the Indian Stock Market that remain highly valued.


"The key trigger for FY2025 is a growth revival in consumption and investment." Amit Ganatra is the Head of Equities at Invesco Mutual fund. He said that key challenges are a weak growth environment globally and high valuations.


Another key risk to the Indian stock exchange is the growing comfort level of domestic investors in equities.


"While the US has been accused of being an exception, India's growth trajectory is structurally strong because it has better macroeconomic fundamentals. (current account deficits, fiscal deficits, inflation). The growing confidence of domestic investors in equities, particularly when there is no down year, as 'risk free' assets poses a threat. Investors must remain vigilant and avoid overlooking potential risks. This is what S Naren, ED & CIO of ICICI Prudential AMC said.


Naren also highlighted the fact that small and midcap stocks have consistently outperformed large-caps over the past few years despite doubts about their valuations. Naren noted that the FII's selling of large-cap stocks has contributed to this trend. However, small and midcaps are still overvalued, and have yet to correct themselves.


What should Indian investors be doing?

Investors are advised to focus on the long-term fundamentals, and pay attention to market sentiment and valuations. Diversifying portfolios is also recommended to reduce risk.


Multi-asset strategies offer a great way to manage risk and diversify. "Hybrid funds that offer exposure to equities and debt as well as commodities such gold provide a balanced asset allocation. This makes them an attractive option for investors who want to diversify their assets across asset classes," Naren explained.


Experts see potential in the IT, FMCG, and infrastructure sectors.


Deepak RAMARAJU, Senior fund manager at Shriram AMC is optimistic about the FMCG industry due to its attractive valuation.


Ramaraju stated that the IT sector could also perform well in 2025, as discretionary spending increases. This is provided Donald Trump doesn't impose unexpected tariffs.


Ramaraju said that banks may also see a recovery following the interest rate cut, which could result in an increase in credit growth.

Saturday, 21 December 2024

India is the second largest consumer of polished diamonds in the world after US



De Beers Group announced a strategic partnership with Tanishq. Tanishq is one of India's leading jewellery brands. The goal was to help Indian consumers understand the rarity and value of natural diamonds, as well as the opportunities that are growing in the Indian market.

Amit Pratihari said that India was the second-largest market in the world for polished diamonds and jewelry, after the United States, but behind China. Prathihari, the Managing Director of De Beers India, was in Surat on Saturday to announce a partnership between De Beers and Tanishq to boost India's market for natural diamond jewellery.


This event is significant at a moment when the diamond industry in Surat, as well as other factors, is experiencing a slump following the Russia- Ukraine conflict.


De Beers Group (a global leader in the diamond industry) and Tanishq (one of India's leading jewellery brands) announced a strategic partnership to help Indian consumers learn more about the "rareness and preciousness" of natural gemstones, as well as the opportunities that are growing in the Indian marketplace.


Prathihari told reporters that the diamond jewellery market in the world was worth 89 billion US dollars. India is the world's second-largest market for polished diamonds and diamond-studded jewelry, followed by China and the Middle East.


Parathihari stated that there is a fluctuation of prices in rough diamonds. This is due to the mid-stream processes. The economic situation around the world is what determines the price. The USA market is not growing and China is unstable. Price fluctuation is to accommodate our sight holders, through whom the diamonds reach the local market. We are now seeing double-digit growth in the US after the US elections. China used to be the second-largest market for diamonds. However, after the pandemic it experienced a decline and is slowly recovering. By 2025, there will be a good market."


He added that "India is the world's second largest diamond consumer market." India's domestic gems and jewelry market is estimated to be worth 85 billion dollars and is expected reach 120 billion dollars by 2030. India's economy currently has a value of 3.5 trillion dollars and is expected to grow to 7.9 trillion by 2030. The Indian market has seen a major growth in desirable products, including the gems and jewelry industry.


Prathihari stated that the partnership would create awareness among customers about the value of natural diamonds, how they are created, how it is passed to different hands, and how its uniqueness and craftsmanship can be seen.


Tanishq's Chief Marketing Officer Pelki Tshering added, "We have come to celebrate the unconditional love and trust shown by 1,06 325 Surat families. We are honored to be a part their most treasured memories and to have decorated their brides over the years. We have just launched our latest diamond jewelry collection, 'Unbound.' Tanishq Unbound is more than a collection. It's a tribute to the woman who wears it. "With collections such as 'Unbound,' and our collaborations with De Beers Group we hope to celebrate and honor the individuality of each woman today and in generations to come."

Duty hikes likely due to surge in imports of steel; DGTR announces anti-dumping investigation



The rating agency ICRA said that due to the increase in imports, the capacity utilization of the domestic steel industry in 2024-25 may fall below 80 percent for the first time since four years.

According to a source familiar with the situation, due to the surge in imports of steel from China and other countries, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry will likely recommend an increase in the duty on steel.


In a Friday notification, the Directorate General of Trade Remedies initiated an investigation on anti-dumping into certain steel imports in India.


There are concerns over the impact a steel tariff hike would have on downstream industries, but there is also a massive amount of capacity in China. The person stated that a recommendation for a steel duty was likely because several Western countries impose duties on Chinese steel and this steel could be diverted to India.


The Ministry of Steel asked the Ministry of Commerce for a 25% duty on steel. It cited that imports of steel from China increased by 80 percent to 1.61 millions tonnes between January and the end of July of this year compared to the 0.9 million tons during the same time period last year. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises have warned, however, that a 25 per cent duty on steel products will negatively affect 8 lakh MSMEs.


According to the DGTR notice, the Indian Steel Association, which includes ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel India Limited (AMNS Khopoli Limited), JSW Steel Limited (JSW Steel Coated Products Limited), Bhushan Power & Steel Limited and Jindal Steel and Power Limited as well as the Steel Authority of India Limited is requesting the imposition of a "safeguard duty" on the imports of Non-Alloy and Alloy Steel Flat Products into India.


The applicant claims that imports have increased in volume in a sudden, abrupt, and significant manner, causing significant damage to the Indian domestic industry. The applicant also alleges that imports occurred at such high quantities and in such circumstances as they caused or threatened to cause serious harm to the domestic industry", DGTR stated in a notification.


ISA argued, that since the United States of America imposed a 25% duty under Section 232 of its Trade Expansion Act of 1962, multiple countries have taken trade remedy measures to combat steel imports. Evidence indicates that between 2019 and 2023, 129 trade remedies measures were imposed against steel products by different countries.


The slowing of demand in these countries is one reason for the existence of significant surplus capacity in China, Japan and South Korea. China's domestic policy measures have resulted in a decrease in consumption of steel long products that are used primarily in the real estate industry. Chinese steel companies have shifted a large percentage of production from long to flat products in order to mitigate the decline in consumption. These flat products are now exported on global markets.


GTRI, a think tank, argues that the main reason for imports is due to a gap between production and consumption of steel.


According to official statistics, India produced 139.15 MT of steel in FY 2024. It exported 7.5MT and consumed 136.29MT. Imports were necessary to meet the domestic demand, as there was little left over. Steel imports are only 6 percent of the domestic production and are mainly for large steel companies. They consist of 50 percent raw materials, such as scrap steel, and 40 percent specialized products that cannot be produced locally.


The ISA also stated that the Asean region will significantly increase its crude-steel production capacity. Approximately 75 percent of this expansion is due to Chinese investments. ASEAN is the top region for Chinese steel companies to invest across borders. They are investing heavily in overseas steel projects. ISA stated that the capacity of ASEAN will likely exceed regional steel demand by a wide margin.


ICRA, a rating agency, had predicted that domestic steel capacity utilization in 2024-25 would fall below 80 percent for the first four-year period due to the increase in imports. ICRA forecast that, along with record expansion plans, industry capacity utilisation would fall from 85 percent in 2023-24, to an estimated 78% in the current fiscal, the lowest level since four years.

Monday, 16 December 2024

Global Trade Research Initiative: India should diversify IT-exports to navigate the Trump-led trade age



 India and the US were at odds over data localisation during Donald Trump's initial term.

India should diversify IT exports in order to reduce the risk of tariffs under Donald Trump, as a large portion of India's IT revenue is derived from the United States. This was stated by Global Trade Research Initiative on Sunday.


India's software exports reached $205 billion by 2023-24. According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)'s annual survey on computer-software and information technology enabled services (ITES) exported, 54% of these exports were from the US, with Europe coming in second at 31%.


Trump has also taken several measures during his first term to limit immigration. Trump also made a key promise in his polls to curb immigration.


GTRI said that India must also strengthen its data policies and resist pressures from outside to freely share data. It should also continue to reject the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity trade pillar which could limit India's digital and labour policy.


During Trump’s first term, the US and India were at odds over the localisation of data. India refused to change its stance regarding data localisation when it came to plurilateral agreements with the WTO, and instead tightened its regulations. In April 2018, for example, the RBI required that payment system providers such as Mastercard, Visa and American Express store Indian residents' payments data in India.


India's draft policy on e-commerce, which contains robust provisions for localisation, is still stalled. This could be due to US pressure.


The report highlighted that other countries, such as Mexico, Canada and the ASEAN group, benefited more than India from the US-China Trade War. GTRI stated that India needs to strengthen its supply chains at home, produce key intermediates in order to reduce reliance upon China, improve cost efficiency, and make it easier to do business. This will help to increase export competitiveness.


GTRI stated that India's trade landscape is changing as Donald Trump returns to the US presidency. Trump's plans to impose new tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China could be beneficial for India.


India also gained significantly. US imports of Indian goods increased by $36,8 billion in this time period, from $50.5 billion up to $87.3 billion. India was the 6th biggest contributor to the increase in US imports, according to the report.


The key drivers of India's growth in exports were smartphones and telecom equipment. They contributed $6.2 billion (17.2% of the total), followed by medicines ($4.5 billion (12.4%), petroleum oil at $2.5 billion (6.8%), and solar panels at $1.9 billion (5.3%). Together, gold jewellery and lab-grown stones added $2.3 billion.

Wheat and edible oils are now the main inflation concerns



In November, the retail food inflation rate dipped to 9.04% from 10.87% in October.


Wheat and edible oil remain the two commodities that are most concerning.


The wholesale price of wheat at Delhi's Najafgarh Market is currently Rs 2,900-2950 per quintal. This compares to Rs 2,450-2,500 at the same time last year. In November, the annual consumer price inflation for wheat/whole flour and refined maida was 7.88%.


Vegetable oils saw an even higher inflation rate, 13.28%. According to the data from the department of consumer affairs, the modal retail price for packed palm oil in India is now Rs 143/kg. This is up from Rs 95 per kg a year earlier. Other oils have also increased in price: Soyabean oil (Rs. 154/kg versus Rs. 110/kg), Sunflower oil (Rs. 159/kg versus Rs. 115/kg) and Mustard (Rs. 176/kg versus Rs. 135).


What is the explanation for the inflation above?


Wheat: Limited domestic supply


In the last three crop years, India's wheat production has been below average. Stocks in godowns of the government have fallen to their lowest level since 2007-08, and domestic prices are still high despite an export prohibition since May 2022.


This time, Indian farmers have planted more wheat. This, combined with sufficient soil moisture and reservoir levels due to excess monsoon rainfall and also an expected La Nina (which would normally translate into a longer winter) has raised hope for a bumper crop in 2024-25.


The wheat planted in late October would not be ready to market until early April. The public distribution system requires about 1.5 million tonnes per month from the 20,6 million tonnes of wheat that were in public stocks at the beginning of December. In the period from January to March, the public can sell 7.1 mt in the open market. This is after subtracting the 7.46 mt normative minimum opening stock on April 1. These open market sales of government stocks in 2023-24 totaled 10.09 mt and helped to cool wheat prices.


The current prices may undermine government procurement. Open market prices are much higher than the official Minimum Support Price ( MSP). This may discourage farmers from selling to government agencies.


The Import Option


The international wheat price is currently low and imports are possible.


The price of Russian wheat in their origin ports is around $230, while the price for Australian wheat is $270. Addition of ocean freight and insurance costs of $40-45 for Russia and $30 for Australia brings their landed cost to India up to $270-300 a tonne, or Rs 2,290-2.545 a quintal. This is close to the MSP for a quintal of Rs 2,425


Even after incorporating port handling and bagging costs of Rs 170-180/quintal, and transport expenses of Rs 160-170/quintal, the cost for flour mills located in South India would be less than that of domestically-sourced grain.


There is a catch. Imports of wheat are subject to a 40% duty. Imports are only possible if the duty is zero. This might also be feasible politically, given that there will not be elections in the major wheat-producing States in 2025 – only Delhi and Bihar are scheduled to go to polls. Imports of 2-4 mt could help improve the domestic supply, and provide a buffer for any climate-induced damage to the crop from now until April.


Edible oils: Indonesian palm factor


Palm oil is the cheapest vegetable oil in nature. With 20-25 tonnes fresh fruit bunches, and a 20% extraction rate of crude palm oil from each hectare, 4-5 tons of CPO can be produced.


Soyabean, rapeseed/mustard and corn yields rarely exceed 3 to 3,5 tonnes and 2 to 2.5 tonnes per hectare. Even with a 20% recovery and 40% recovery their oil yields only 0.6-0.7 and 0.80-1 tonnes per ha respectively.


According to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), palm oil will be the most widely produced vegetable oil in the world, with 76.26 million metric tons (mt) in 2023-24. This is ahead of soyabean oil (62.74mt), rapeseed oil (34.47mt), and sunflower oil (22.13mt).


CPO is usually cheaper than soyabean oil or sunflower oil because of higher yields. This was the case until August. In the last three to four months, we have seen a shift. The current landed price for imported CPO in India is $1,280 per ton, which is higher than the $1150 for crude soybean oil and $1,235 sunflower oil (table 2)


Indonesia's decision, to increase the blend of palm oil into diesel from 35% up to 40%, is believed to be the cause for the recent price spike. The top CPO producer in the world -- with 43 mt of CPO, followed by Malaysia (19.71mt) and Thailand (3.6 mt), plans to introduce so-called B40 Biodiesel this year.


According to USDA, Indonesia's biodiesel blend mandate - from 2.5% in 2008 up to 20% in 2018, 30% by 2020, 35% by 2023 and 40% by 2025 - will result in 14.7 million mt being diverted to domestic industrial use. This would reduce the country’s exportable surplus.


Can other oils replace the oil in?


The palm oil (mostly imported), accounts for 9-9.5 million metric tons of India's annual consumption of edible oils.


The lower availability of palm oil can be partially offset by increased imports from soyabean oil (mainly from Argentina, Brazil and Ukraine) and sunflower oil (mainly in Russia and Romania). Imports of palm oil fell from 0.87 million tonnes in November 2023, to 0.84 million tonnes in November 2024. However, imports of soyabean and sunflower oil rose, respectively, from 0.13 mt up to 0.34 mt. In 2024-25 the global production of soyabean is expected to reach record levels, with Brazil, and the US, harvesting record crops.


There are limitations to the amount of palm oil that can be substituted. It's not a product that is marketed to consumers like sunflower, soyabean or mustard. It is preferred in fast-serve restaurants and bakeries, as well as industries such as snack foods, biscuits, and noodles, said Siraj Chandhry.


Palm oil has a neutral taste, is resistant to oxidation, and can be used for deep-frying. It's ideal for halwais, samosas, and pakodas. It also adds a flaky texture and extends the shelf life of baked goods.


Imports of crude palm, soybean and sunflower oils are currently subject to a duty of 27,5%. It remains to be determined if the government will make an exception for CPO.

Thursday, 12 December 2024

Arvind Panagariya: Internal policy barriers are a barrier to China plus one.



Arvind Pantagariya stated that while significant progress has been made, such as reforms to the Goods and Services Tax. (GST), more needs to be done on land and labour in order to encourage multinationals from leaving China.

Arvind Panagariya is the Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission. He has stated that India's internal policies are the main reason for its limited success in capturing the China plus one opportunity. India also has a huge advantage over countries like Vietnam and Thailand because of India's size and domestic supply chain.


The NITI Aayog Report noted that countries like Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia have emerged as the biggest beneficiaries of the China Plus One' Strategy. Factors such as lower tariffs, simpler tax laws and cheaper labour played a key role in increasing their export share.


Panagariya stated that India should not limit Chinese investments in certain sectors. However, it is important to consider the source of the investment.


"But the real reason for our disadvantage is policy." Land is incredibly expensive and employment of labor is incredibly difficult. We need to address these policy and internal policy barriers that limit flexibility. Vietnam, for example, is a relatively small country. As soon as you pass the 80-90 million inhabitants of the country, your wages will begin to rise. "In India, there is a supply of workers with various skills levels that can be maintained without a significant increase in wages," Panagariya said at the CII Global Economic Policy Summit.


Panagariya stated that although significant progress has been made, such as with the Goods and Services Tax reforms (GST), more needs to be done on land and labour in order to attract multinationals out of China. Panagariya stated that India is the only country capable of replacing China in 15 to 20 years.


Panagariya said the arguments about protectionism are false. He also argued that the argument that the world has become more protectionist and that automation would lead to a reshoring in manufacturing, which could result in India having fewer opportunities than China, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea etc. had, is flawed.


"It's true that protectionism has increased, but even if we take that into account, the world market today is probably more open than at any other time in history. The global merchandise export market is now worth $25 trillion. This is the peak since COVID. He said that the pre-COVID peak was $18 or $ 19 trillion.


He said that the export of services peaked at $7 trillion, up from $6 trillion before COVID.


"Our share of this huge market is less that 2 percent for exports of merchandise and less than 4 percent for services. We are still a tiny part. We can't say whether this trade will grow in the future, but we do know how small it is. China has a share of about 12-13 per cent. Panagariya stated that there are many opportunities for us on the global market.


Sunil Barthwal, Commerce Secretary, said that the world must avoid protectionism which increases trade barriers and impedes the flow of goods. He said that one should avoid a mercantilist mindset and not worry too much about imports and trade balance.


He said that if India's economy grows at 7 percent and the rest of the world grows at 3-3.5 percent, then India will need more imports. Let me also tell you the importance of imports to exports.


"As long we can improve our exports, we shouldn't be too concerned about imports. That is what I think we should avoid," he said.

Government's concern: Profits in the private sector are at a 15-year high, but salaries have stagnated



V Anantha Nageswaran, the Chief Economic Advisor, referred to this report at least twice in his corporate speeches. He suggested that India Inc. should look inward and do something to fix it.

Policymakers are concerned that the sharp drop in economic growth to 5.4% in July-September of this year, despite a 4x (four-fold) increase in profits in the last four-year period, could be one of the factors behind the slowdown in demand.


The report by the industry chamber FICCI, in collaboration with Quess Corp Ltd (a tech-enabled firm that has over 3,000 clients), which was prepared for the government, has sparked conversations between corporate boardrooms and key economic ministries. It showed the wage growth rates for six different sectors from 2019 to 2023 varied between 0.8 percent for engineering, manufacturing and process infrastructure (EMPI), and 5.4 percent for fast-moving consumers goods (FMCG).


The situation has gotten worse for workers in the formal sector due to a lack of growth in real wages, i.e. wage growth adjusted for inflation. Retail inflation increased by 4.8 percent, 6.2 percent, 5.5%, 6.7%, and 5.4 percent over the five-year period from 2019-20 to 2023-24.


V Anantha Nageswaran, the Chief Economic Advisor, referred to this report at least twice in his corporate speeches. He suggested that India Inc. should look inward and do something to fix it.


According to government sources, the subdued consumer spending in urban areas is due in part to low income levels. Sources in the government said that the consumption increased post-Covid due to pent-up demands, but wage growth was slower, which has raised concerns about the full recovery of the economy to its pre-Covid phase.


The FICCI/Quess results are not public but the newspaper has accessed them. They show that, for the EMPI Sector, the CAGR for wages between 2019 and 23 was the lowest at only 0.8%.


The FMCG sector had the highest growth rate at 5.4%. In BFSI (banking and financial services, insurance), the wage growth rate was 2.8% during 2019-23. Retail saw a 3.7% increase, IT had a 4.0% rise, and logistics saw 4.24%.


The FMCG sector had the lowest average wage at Rs 19,023 and the IT sector the highest at Rs 49 076 in 2023.


Nageswaran stated that at Assocham’s Bharat@100 Summit, on December 5, there must be a better balanced between the incomes going to the capital as profits and the incomes going to the workers as wages. Without that, the demand for corporate products will be insufficient. He said that not paying employees or not hiring enough workers would end up damaging the corporate sector.


Nageswaran noted that the profitability of corporations was at its highest level in 15 years by March 2024.


"The previous record was 5,2% of GDP in profit after taxes, which occurred in March 2008. This was the boom period. In a difficult global environment, and after Covid... it is amazing that we can get to 4,8% in 2024. 2008 was a much more favourable global growth environment. Profitability growth is therefore very impressive. He said that the growth of profits in Indian corporations has been four times in the past four years.


Nageswaran stated that the staff costs of listed Indian companies have been decreasing, whether they are IT firms or other general businesses. "In other words the growth of compensation for employees is becoming weaker. "If you remove the compensation for managers, then it will be even worse," he said.


The average gross salary was calculated in the survey based on the sum of the salaries of all employees working across various job roles within a certain sector, divided by the number of employees. The survey stated that wage growth was indicative, not definitive. This is because salaries vary based on the job role. Some job roles receive higher wages than others.


It is reported that the concern about low wages has been raised in many internal government discussions.


An analyst at India Inc., who knows about the government's discussions, says that India will see an increase of inequality in this stage of macroeconomic development.


"The pandemic accentuated the issue; we are 7% behind the growth trajectory before the pandemic. You cannot ignore the fact that India's workforce is growing at a rapid pace. Our economy is a year behind schedule, but we have an extra year of work," said the unnamed analyst.


The bargaining power of the labour force is reduced because there is an excess of labour relative to capital. The analyst said that slow wages growth was inevitable. Should Corporate India take action? Analyst: "In this macro-environment, this is what ...," will happen.


Experts have suggested that raising productivity would be the answer to boosting growth. "There's no single answer. As an investor I need growth. If there is no return, people won't invest or take risks. I don't think paying more is the answer, but rather increasing productivity. Even if the cost is higher, a high level of productivity will make it cheaper. India's productivity is low and we are lagging behind our global counterparts. "The way to make people wealthy is to increase productivity, and that will also help growth," said Nilesh Sha, MD of Kotak Mahindra AMC.


Several in the industry believe that the issue of slow wage growth is more of a concern for the informal sector than the formal sector. Naushad Forbes said that the data presented is dependent on which period was selected. It will show a different picture if it starts with the Covid period. This is because salaries decreased and then increased. It depends on where you begin."


"I don't think there is a problem in the formal sector, as companies have been aiming for salary increases of 5-10% per year for several years." It is the informal sector that poses the greatest challenge. The number of jobs created and the employment generated is also more important. "I think that there should be more focus on formalising the workforce and on how to make employment-generating sectors like textiles, tourism, flourish," said he.